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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Policies)

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations

 

Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) was originally incorporated in Melbourne, Victoria Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD, and continues to be based in Camberwell, Victoria Australia. Since its inception, substantially all of the operations of the Company have been focused on the development of new cancer treatments targeting high-risk patients, particularly cancer survivors, who need a follow-up, non-toxic, long-term therapy designed to prevent the cancer from returning and spreading. The Company anticipates establishing global markets for its technologies. Our lead product candidate, which we refer to as PRP, is an enhanced pro-enzyme formulation designed to enhance the anti-cancer effects of multiple enzymes acting synergistically. It is currently in the preclinical phase of development.

 

On November 23, 2010, the Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware as Propanc Health Group Corporation. In January 2011, to reorganize the Company, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD on a one-for-one basis making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

On July 22, 2016, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Propanc (UK) Limited under the laws of England and Wales for the purpose of submitting an orphan drug application to the European Medicines Agency as a small and medium-sized enterprise. As of September 30, 2019, there has been no activity within this entity.

 

Effective April 20, 2017, the Company changed its name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to better reflect the Company’s stage of operations and development.

 

The Company has filed multiple patent applications relating to its lead product, PRP. The first application was filed in October 2010 in each of the countries listed in the table below. This application has been granted and remains in force in the United States, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Mexico, Republic of Korea and India. In Brazil and Canada, the patent application remains under examination.

 

In 2016 and 2017 we filed other patent applications, as indicated below. Three applications were filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (the “PCT”). The PCT assists applicants in seeking patent protection by filing one international patent application under the PCT, which allows the applicants to seek protection for an invention in over 150 countries. Once national or regional applications are filed, the application is placed under the control of the national or regional patent offices, as applicable, in what is called the national or regional phase. One PCT application, filed in November 2016, entered the national phase in July 2018 in each of the countries listed in the table below. A second application filed in January 2017 entered the national phase commencing July 2018. A third application entered the national phase in October 2018.

  

No.   Title   Country   Case Status   Date Filed
1.   A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer comprising trypsinogen and/or chymotrypsinogen and an active agent selected from a selenium compound, a vanilloid compound and a cytoplasmic reduction agent.   USA, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore, Malaysia South Africa, Mexico, Republic of Korea and India   Granted   Oct-22-2010
                 
        Brazil and Canada  

Under Examination

Divisional applications filed and under examination in Mexico and China

   
                 
        USA   Divisional application granted    
                 
2.   Proenzyme composition   Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa and USA   Application filed and pending   Nov-11-2016
                 
3.   Cancer Treatment   Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and USA   Application filed and pending   Jan-27-2017
                 
4.   Composition of proenzymes for cancer treatment   Australia, China, Europe, Japan and USA   Application filed and pending   Apr-12-2017

 

The Company hopes to capture and protect additional patentable subject matter based on the Company’s field of technology relating to pharmaceutical compositions of proenzymes for treating cancer by filing additional patent applications as it advances its lead product candidate, PRP, through various stages of development.

Nature of Operations

 

Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) was originally incorporated in Melbourne, Victoria Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD, and continues to be based in Camberwell, Victoria Australia. Since its inception, substantially all of the operations of the Company have been focused on the development of new cancer treatments targeting high-risk patients, particularly cancer survivors, who need a follow-up, non-toxic, long-term therapy designed to prevent the cancer from returning and spreading. The Company anticipates establishing global markets for its technologies. Our lead product candidate, which we refer to as PRP, is an enhanced pro-enzyme formulation designed to enhance the anti-cancer effects of multiple enzymes acting synergistically. It is currently in the preclinical phase of development.

 

On November 23, 2010, the Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware as Propanc Health Group Corporation. In January 2011, to reorganize the Company, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD on a one-for-one basis making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

On July 22, 2016, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Propanc (UK) Limited under the laws of England and Wales for the purpose of submitting an orphan drug application to the European Medicines Agency as a small and medium-sized enterprise. As of June 30, 2019, there has been no activity within this entity.

 

Effective April 20, 2017, the Company changed its name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to better reflect the Company’s stage of operations and development.

 

The Company has filed multiple patent applications relating to its lead product, PRP. The first application was filed in October 2010 in each of the countries listed in the table below. This application has been granted and remains in force in the United States, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Mexico, Republic of Korea and India. In Brazil and Canada, the patent application remains under examination.

 

In 2016 and 2017 we filed other patent applications, as indicated below. Three applications were filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (the “PCT”). The PCT assists applicants in seeking patent protection by filing one international patent application under the PCT, which allows the applicants to seek protection for an invention in over 150 countries. Once national or regional applications are filed, the application is placed under the control of the national or regional patent offices, as applicable, in what is called the national or regional phase. One PCT application, filed in November 2016, entered the national phase in July 2018 in each of the countries listed in the table below. A second application filed in January 2017 entered the national phase commencing July 2018. A third application entered the national phase in October 2018.

  

No.   Title   Country   Case Status   Date Filed
1.   A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer comprising trypsinogen and/or chymotrypsinogen and an active agent selected from a selenium compound, a vanilloid compound and a cytoplasmic reduction agent.   USA, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Israel, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Mexico, Republic of Korea and India   Granted   Oct-22-2010
                 
        Brazil and Canada  

Under Examination

Divisional applications filed and under examination in Mexico and China

   
                 
        USA   Divisional application granted    
                 
2.   Proenzyme composition   Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa and USA   Application filed and pending   Nov-11-2016
                 
3.   Cancer Treatment   Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and USA   Application filed and pending   Jan-27-2017
                 
4.   Composition of proenzymes for cancer treatment   Australia, China, Europe, Japan and USA   Application filed and pending   Apr-12-2017

 

The Company hopes to capture and protect additional patentable subject matter based on the Company’s field of technology relating to pharmaceutical compositions of proenzymes for treating cancer by filing additional patent applications as it advances its lead product candidate, PRP, through various stages of development.

Increase Decrease in Authorized Common Stock and Reverse Split

Decrease in Authorized Common Stock and Reverse Split

 

On June 24, 2019, the Company effected a one-for-five hundred (1:500) reverse stock split whereby the Company (i) decreased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, to 100,000,000 and (ii) decreased by a ratio of one-for-five hundred (1:500) the number of retroactively issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Proportional adjustments for the reverse stock split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been retroactively adjusted as of the earliest period presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the reverse stock split.

Increase in Authorized Common Stock and Reverse Stock Split

 

On January 23, 2018, Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 100,000,000 to 400,000,000.

 

On September 21, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 400,000,000 to 4,000,000,000, which was approved by the Company’s board of directors and holders of a majority of the Company’s voting stock on August 28, 2018.

 

On June 24, 2019, the Company effected a one-for-five hundred (1:500) reverse stock split whereby the Company (i) decreased the number of authorized shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, to 100,000,000 and (ii) decreased by a ratio of one-for-five hundred (1:500) the number of retroactively issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Proportional adjustments for the reverse stock split were made to the Company’s outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans. All share and per-share data and amounts have been restated as of the earliest period, presented in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the reverse stock split.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The Company’s interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and reclassifications and non-recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and cash flows for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and our financial position at September 30, 2019 have been made. The Company’s results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending June 30, 2020.

 

Reference is frequently made herein to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). This is the source of authoritative US GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied to non-governmental entities. Each ASC reference in this Quarterly Report is presented with a three-digit number, which represents its Topic. As necessary for explanation and as applicable, an ASC topic may be followed with a two-digit subtopic, a two-digit section or a two-or-three-digit paragraph.

 

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted from the Company’s interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. The June 30, 2019 balance sheet is derived from those statements.

 
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Propanc Biopharma, Inc., the parent entity, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Propanc (UK) Limited was an inactive subsidiary at September 30, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Propanc Biopharma, Inc., the parent entity, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Propanc (UK) Limited was an inactive subsidiary at June 30, 2019.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the estimates of useful lives for depreciation, valuation of the operating lease liability and related right-of-use asset, valuation of derivatives, valuation of beneficial conversion features on convertible debt, allowance for uncollectable receivables, valuation of equity based instruments issued for other than cash, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and foreign currency translation due to certain average exchange rates applied in lieu of spot rates on transaction dates.

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the estimates of useful lives for depreciation, valuation of derivatives, valuation of beneficial conversion features on convertible debt, allowance for uncollectable receivables, valuation of equity based instruments issued for other than cash, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and foreign currency translation due to certain average exchange rates applied in lieu of spot rates on transaction dates.

Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

The Company’s functional currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). For financial reporting purposes, the Australian dollar has been translated into United States dollar ($) and/or (USD) as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Equity transactions are translated at each historical transaction date spot rate. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as other comprehensive income (loss). There have been no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate for the conversion of Australian dollars to USD after the balance sheet date.

 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented includes only foreign currency translation gains (losses).

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency included in the consolidated results of operations as incurred. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized an exchange loss of approximately $480,000 on intercompany loans made by the parent to the subsidiary which have not been repaid as at September 30, 2019.

 

As of September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the exchange rates used to translate amounts in Australian dollars into USD for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements were as follows:

 

    September 30, 2019     June 30, 2019  
Exchange rate on balance sheet dates                
USD : AUD exchange rate     0.6746       0.7153  
                 
Average exchange rate for the period                
USD : AUD exchange rate     0.6856       0.7009  

 

The exchange rates used to translate amounts in AUD into USD for the period ended September 30, 2018 are: 0.7238 as of the balance sheet date and 0.7315 average exchange rate for that period.

  

Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by component during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:

 

    Foreign
Currency Items:
 
Beginning balance, June 30, 2019   $ 1,066,998  
Foreign currency translation gain     563,687  
Ending balance, September 30, 2019   $ 1,630,685  

Foreign Currency Translation and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

The Company’s functional currency is the Australian dollar (AUD). For financial reporting purposes, the Australian dollar has been translated into United States dollar ($) and/or (USD) as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Equity transactions are translated at each historical transaction date spot rate. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as other comprehensive income (loss). There have been no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate for the conversion of Australian dollars to USD after the balance sheet date.

 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented includes only foreign currency translation gains (losses).

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency included in the consolidated results of operations as incurred.

 

As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the exchange rates used to translate amounts in Australian dollars into USD for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements were as follows:

 

    June 30, 2019     June 30, 2018  
Exchange rate on balance sheet dates                
USD : AUD exchange rate     0.7153       0.7399  
                 
Average exchange rate for the period                
USD : AUD exchange rate     0.7009       0.7753  

 

Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by component during the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

 

    Foreign
Currency Items:
 
Beginning balance, June 30, 2017   $ (141,749 )
Foreign currency translation gain     499,678  
Balance, June 30, 2018     357,929  
Foreign currency translation gain     709,069  
Ending balance, June 30, 2019   $ 1,066,998  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with US GAAP. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Amounts recorded for notes payable, net of discount, and loans payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities are substantially the same.

 

The Company follows accounting guidance for financial assets and liabilities. This standard defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. This standard does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This guidance does not apply to measurements related to share-based payments. This guidance discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost).

 

The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

 

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

 

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

 

Also see Note 10 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with US GAAP. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Amounts recorded for notes payable, net of discount, and loans payable also approximate fair value because current interest rates available for debt with similar terms and maturities are substantially the same.

 

The Company follows accounting guidance for financial assets and liabilities. This standard defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. This standard does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This guidance does not apply to measurements related to share-based payments. This guidance discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost).

 

The guidance utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

 

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

 

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore developed using estimates and assumptions developed by us, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

 

Also see Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and at banks, short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less with financial institutions, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are reflected as a current liability on the balance sheets. There were no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2019 or June 30, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and at banks, short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less with financial institutions, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are reflected as a current liability on the balance sheets. There were no cash equivalents as of June 30, 2019 or June 30, 2018.

Receivables  

Receivables

 

As amounts become uncollectible, they will be charged to an allowance and operations in the period when a determination of uncollectability is made. Any estimates of potentially uncollectible customer accounts receivable will be made based on an analysis of individual customer and historical write-off experience. The Company’s analysis includes the age of the receivable account, creditworthiness of the customer and general economic conditions.

Property and Equipment  

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals, and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the declining balance method. The depreciable amount is the cost less its residual value.

 

The estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

Machinery and equipment - 5 years
Furniture - 7 years

Patents

Patents

 

Patents are stated at cost and classified as intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated future periods if and once the patent has been granted by a regulatory agency. However, the Company will expense any product costs as long as we are in the startup stage. Accordingly, as the Company’s products were and are not currently approved for market, all historical patent costs incurred through September 30, 2019 were expensed immediately. This practice of expensing patent costs immediately ends when a product receives market authorization from a government regulatory agency.

Patents

 

Patents are stated at cost and reclassified to intangible assets and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated future periods if and once the patent has been granted by a regulatory agency. However, the Company will expense any product costs as long as we are in the startup stage. Accordingly, as the Company’s products were and are not currently approved for market, all patent costs incurred from 2013 through June 30, 2019 were expensed immediately. This practice of expensing patent costs immediately ends when a product receives market authorization from a government regulatory agency.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with ASC 360-10, “Long-lived assets,” which include property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with ASC 360-10, “Long-lived assets,” which include property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.

Employee Benefit/Liability  

Employee Benefit/Liability

 

Liabilities arising in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave, accumulated sick leave and any other employee benefits expected to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date are measured at their nominal amounts based on remuneration rates which are expected to be paid when the liability is settled. All other employee benefit liabilities are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflow to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date. All employee liabilities are owed within the next twelve months and therefore, recorded at nominal value.

Australian Goods and Services Tax ("GST")

Australian Goods and Services Tax (“GST”)

 

Revenues, expenses and balance sheet items are recognized net of the amount of GST, except payable and receivable balances which are shown inclusive of GST. The GST incurred is payable on revenues to, and recoverable on purchases from, the Australian Taxation Office.

 

Cash flows are presented in the statements of cash flow on a gross basis, except for the GST component of investing and financing activities, which are disclosed as operating cash flows.

 

As of September 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the Company was owed $5,874 and $5,439, respectively, from the Australian Taxation Office. These amounts were fully collected subsequent to the balance sheet reporting dates.

Australian Goods and Services Tax (“GST”)

 

Revenues, expenses and balance sheet items are recognized net of the amount of GST, except payable and receivable balances which are shown inclusive of GST. The GST incurred is payable on revenues to, and recoverable on purchases from, the Australian Taxation Office.

 

Cash flows are presented in the statements of cash flow on a gross basis, except for the GST component of investing and financing activities, which are disclosed as operating cash flows.

 

As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company was owed $5,439 and $6,257, respectively, from the Australian Taxation Office. These amounts were fully collected subsequent to the balance sheet reporting dates.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

 

ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion or payoff of debt, the Company records the fair value of the conversion shares, removes the fair value of the related derivative liability, removes any discounts and records a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment. On July 1, 2019 the Company adopted ASU 2017-11 under which down-round Features in Financial Instruments will no longer cause derivative treatment. The Company applies the modified prospective method of adoption. There were no cumulative effects on adoption.

Derivative Instruments

 

ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion or payoff of debt, the Company records the fair value of the conversion shares, removes the fair value of the related derivative liability, removes any discounts and records a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment.

Convertible Notes with Variable Conversion Options

Convertible Notes With Variable Conversion Options

 

The Company has entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principal and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into common shares at a fixed discount to the price of the common stock at the time of conversion. The Company treats these convertible notes as stock settled debt under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and measures the fair value of the notes at the time of issuance, which is the result of the share price discount at the time of conversion and records the put premium as accretion to interest expense to the date of first conversion.

Convertible Notes With Variable Conversion Options

 

The Company has entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principal and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into common shares at a fixed discount to the price of the common stock at the time of conversion. The Company treats these convertible notes as stock settled debt under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and measures the fair value of the notes at the time of issuance, which is the result of the share price discount at the time of conversion and records the put premium as accretion to interest expense to the date of first conversion.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

The Company is governed by Australia and United States income tax laws, which are administered by the Australian Taxation Office and the United States Internal Revenue Service, respectively. The Company follows ASC 740 “Accounting for Income Taxes,” when accounting for income taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

The Company follows ASC 740, Sections 25 through 60, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” These sections provide detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in the financial statements. Tax positions must meet a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of ASC 740 and in subsequent periods.

 

On December 22, 2017, the passage of legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted and significantly revised the U.S. income tax law. The TCJA includes changes, which reduce the corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017. On December 22, 2017, the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued, which allows a company to recognize provisional tax amounts when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed, including computations, in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in tax law. SAB 118 provides for a measurement of up to one year from the date of enactment.

Income Taxes

 

The Company is governed by Australia and United States income tax laws, which are administered by the Australian Taxation Office and the United States Internal Revenue Service, respectively. The Company follows ASC 740 “Accounting for Income Taxes,” when accounting for income taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

The Company follows ASC 740, Sections 25 through 60, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” These sections provide detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in the financial statements. Tax positions must meet a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of ASC 740 and in subsequent periods.

 

On December 22, 2017, the passage of legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) was enacted and significantly revised the U.S. income tax law. The TCJA includes changes, which reduce the corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017. On December 22, 2017, the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued, which allows a company to recognize provisional tax amounts when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed, including computations, in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the change in tax law. SAB 118 provides for a measurement of up to one year from the date of enactment.

Research and Development Costs and Tax Credits

Research and Development Costs and Tax Credits

 

In accordance with ASC 730-10, “Research and Development-Overall,” research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Total research and development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $65,372 and $56,193, respectively.

 

The Company may apply for research and development tax concessions with the Australian Taxation Office on an annual basis. Although the amount is possible to estimate at year end, the Australian Taxation Office may reject or materially alter the claim amount. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize the benefit of the claim amount until cash receipt since collectability is not certain until such time. The tax concession is a refundable credit. If the Company has net income, then the Company can receive the credit which reduces its income tax liability. If the Company has net losses, then the Company may still receive a cash payment for the credit, however, the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards are reduced by the gross equivalent loss that would produce the credit amount when the income tax rate is applied to that gross amount. The concession is recognized as an income tax benefit, in operations, upon receipt.

 

During each of the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company applied for, and received from the Australian Taxation Office, a research and development tax credit in the amount of $108,894 and $0, respectively, which is reflected as a tax benefit in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Research and Development Costs and Tax Credits

 

In accordance with ASC 730-10, “Research and Development-Overall,” research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Total research and development costs for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $260,335 and $1,825,728, respectively.

 

The Company may apply for research and development tax concessions with the Australian Taxation Office on an annual basis. Although the amount is possible to estimate at year end, the Australian Taxation Office may reject or materially alter the claim amount. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize the benefit of the claim amount until cash receipt since collectability is not certain until such time. The tax concession is a refundable credit. If the Company has net income, then the Company can receive the credit which reduces its income tax liability. If the Company has net losses, then the Company may still receive a cash payment for the credit, however, the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards are reduced by the gross equivalent loss that would produce the credit amount when the income tax rate is applied to that gross amount. The concession is recognized as an income tax benefit, in operations, upon receipt.

 

During each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company applied for, and received from the Australian Taxation Office, a research and development tax credit in the amount of $115,437 and $179,306, respectively, which is reflected as a tax benefit in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Stock Compensation”. ASC 718 requires the fair value of all stock-based employee compensation awarded to employees to be recorded as an expense over the shorter of the service period or the vesting period. The Company values employee and non-employee stock-based compensation at fair value using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

 

The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 and accounts for non-employee share-based awards in accordance with the measurement and recognition criteria of ASC 718 and recognizes the fair value of such awards over the service period. The Company used the modified prospective method of adoption. There was no cumulative effect of adoption on July 1, 2019.

Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Stock Compensation” and the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 Share Based Payment was issued in March 2005 regarding its interpretation of ASC 718. ASC 718 requires the fair value of all stock-based employee compensation awarded to employees to be recorded as an expense over the related requisite service period. The Company values employee and non-employee stock-based compensation at fair value using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

 

The Company accounts for non-employee share-based awards in accordance with the measurement and recognition criteria of ASC 505-50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees.”

Revenue Recognition  

Revenue Recognition

 

The Company adopted and implemented on July 1, 2018, ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

 

Upon implementation of ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with that core principle by applying the following steps:

 

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

 

Subject to these criteria, the Company intends to recognize revenue relating to royalties on product sales in the period in which the sale occurs and the royalty term has begun.

Legal Expenses  

Legal Expenses

 

All legal costs for litigation are charged to expense as incurred.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

 

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of common stock equivalents such as stock options, warrants and convertible debt instruments. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and diluted per share amounts for all periods presented are identical. As of September 30, 2019, there were 975,059 warrants outstanding, 59,644 stock options and 14 convertible notes payable, which notes are convertible into approximately 4,089,765 shares of the Company’s common stock (based on the closing price on the last trading day of the quarter ended September 30, 2019). Each holder of the notes has agreed to a 4.99% beneficial ownership conversion limitation (subject to certain noteholders’ ability to increase such limitation to 9.99% upon 60 days’ notice to the Company), and each note may not be converted during the first six-month period from the date of issuance. Such securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

 

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of common stock equivalents such as stock options, warrants and convertible debt instruments. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and diluted per share amounts for all periods presented are identical. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, there were 59 and 291 warrants outstanding, 59,644 and 1,144 stock options and 10 and 20 convertible notes payable, which notes are convertible into approximately 1,810,347 and 207,397 shares of the Company’s common stock respectively. Each holder of the notes has agreed to a 4.99% beneficial ownership conversion limitation (subject to certain noteholders’ ability to increase such limitation to 9.99% upon 60 days’ notice to the Company), and each note may not be converted during the first six-month period from the date of issuance. Such securities are considered dilutive securities which were excluded from the computation since the effect is anti-dilutive.

Leases

Leases

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The updated guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for most operating leases. In addition, the updated guidance requires that lessors separate lease and non-lease components in a contract in accordance with the new revenue guidance in ASC 606. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted this guidance effective July 1, 2019.

 

On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, applying the package of practical expedients to leases that commenced before the effective date whereby the Company elected to not reassess the following: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases and; (ii) initial direct costs for any existing leases. For contracts entered into on or after the effective date, at the inception of a contract the Company assessed whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The Company’s assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (3) whether it has the right to direct the use of the asset. The Company will allocate the consideration in the contract to each lease component based on its relative stand-alone price to determine the lease payments.

 

Operating lease ROU assets represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

We have reviewed the FASB issued ASU accounting pronouncements and interpretations thereof that have effectiveness dates during the periods reported and in future periods. We have carefully considered the new pronouncements that alter previous generally accepted accounting principles and do not believe that any new or modified principles will have a material impact on the Company’s reported financial position or operations in the near term. The applicability of any standard is subject to the formal review of the Company’s financial management.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Certain FASB Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”) that are not effective until after June 30, 2019 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

Future pronouncements are as follows:

 

ASU 2016-02 - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02: “Leases (Topic 842)” whereby lessees will need to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right of use asset and a lease liability. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company plans to adopt this ASU effective July 1, 2019 and at present, doesn’t believe the adoption of the ASU will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 

ASU 2017-11 - In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260)”. The amendments in the update change the classification of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. For freestanding equity-classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with Topic 260, Earnings Per Share, to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features would be subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt this next fiscal year, effective July 1, 2019, and doesn’t believe, based on current outstanding dilutive instruments, the adoption of this ASU will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

 

ASU 2018-07 - In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This update is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for share-based payments issued to non-employees (for example, service providers, external legal counsel, suppliers, etc.). The ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, which currently only includes share-based payments issued to employees, to also include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods and services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees and employees will be substantially aligned. This standard will be effective for financial statements issued by public companies for the annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption of the standard is permitted. The standard will be applied in a retrospective approach for each period presented. The Company plans to adopt this ASU, effective July 1, 2019, and at present, doesn’t believe the adoption of the ASU will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.